CPTED Bibliography

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF

CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

AND RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMINOLOGY RESEARCH STUDIES ©

FROM 1975-2002


Compiled for the ICA by: Gregory Saville and Chuck Genre

PDF (1975-2010)


1.     Ackerman, William. "Spatial distribution and socioeconomic correlates of crime in San Bernadino, California", in The California Geographer, Vol. 16. 1976.

2.     Akers, Ronald., Anthony La Greca, Christine Sellers, and John Cochran. "Fear of crime and victimization among the elderly in different types of communities", in Criminology, Vol. 25, No. 3. 1987.

3.     Allatt, P. "Residential security: Containment and displacement of burglary." Howard Journal of Criminal Justice. 23:99-116. 1984.

4.     Amir, M. Patterns in Forcible Rape. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971. (HV 6568.P5A65)

5.     Angel. S. Discouraging Crime Through City Planning. Berkeley, CA: Institute of Urban and Regional Development. 1968.

6.     Angel, Scholmo. "Discouraging Crime Through City Planning", Working Paper No. 75, Berkeley: University of California Center for Planning and Development Research, February. 1968.

7.     Anson, Brian. “Removing Walkways is Not Nearly Enough”, Town and Country Planning. 56(3):174-175. 1986.

8.     Armstrong, G. and M. Wilson. "Delinquency and some aspects of housing", in C. Ward (ed), Vandalism. London: Architectural Press, 1973.

9.     Atlas, Randall and William Leblanc. “Environmental Barriers to Crime.” Ergonomics in Design. Santa monica: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. October, 1994.

10.  Atkins, S., S. Husain, and A. Storey. The Influence of Street Lighting on Crime and Fear of Crime. Crime Prevention Unit Paper 28. London: Home Office. 1991.

11.  Avio, K.L., and Clarke, C.S. Property Crime in Canada: An Econometric Study. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1976.

12.  Avison, N. Patterns of Crime in the Lower Mainland. Vancouver: British Columbia Police Commission, 1977.

13.  Bagley, C. "Juvenile Delinquency in Exeter: An Ecological and Comparative Study", Urban Studies, Vol. 2. 1965.

14.  Baldwin, J. "A Critique of Delinquent Schools in Tower Hamlets", in British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 12. 1972.

15.  Baldwin, J. "Problem Housing Estates - Perceptions of Tenants, City Officials, and Criminologists", in Social and Economic Administration, Vol. 8. 1974.

16.  Baldwin, J. "Urban Criminality and the Problem Estate", in Local Government Studies, Vol. 1. 1975.

17.  Baldwin, J. The Urban Criminal: A Study in Sheffield. London: Tavistock, 1976. (HV 6950.S5B35)

18.  Baldwin, J. "Ecological and Areal Studies in Great Britain and the United States", in N. Morris and M. Tonry (eds), Crime and Justice: an Annual Review of Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

19.  Bamisaiye, A. "The Spatial Distribution of Juvenile Delinquency and Adult Crime in the City of Ibadan", in International Journal of Criminology and Penology, Vol. 2. 1974.

20.  Barr, R. and K. Pease. "Crime Placement, Displacement and Deflection." In M. Tonry and N. Morris (eds.) Crime and Justice: A Review of Research. Vol. 12. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1990.

21.  Baumer, T.L. and A. Hunter. Street Traffic, Social Integration, and Fear of Crime. Evanston, Ill: Northwestern University Center for Urban Affairs. 1978.

22. Beato, C., and C. Chaves. “Determinants of Criminality in Minas Gerais”, in Revista Brasileira    de Ciencias Sociais, Vol. 13 (37), pp. 74-87, June 1998.

23. Beato, C. “Crime and Opportunity in Brazil”, in International Sociological Association, 1998.

24.  Beavon, Daniel J. Crime and Environmental Opportunity Structure: The Influence of Street Networks on the Patterning of Property Offences. Unpublished M.A. Thesis. Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia. 1984.

25.  Becker, F.D. "The Effect of Physical and Social Factors on Residents' Sense of Security in Multi-Family Housing Developments", in Journal of Architectural Research, Vol. 4(1). February, 1975.

26.  Bellair, P. “Social Integration and Community Crime: Examining the Importance of Neighbor Networks”, in Criminology. Vol. 35 (4), pp. 677-703, Nov. 1997.

27.  Bellamy, L. “Situational Crime Prevention and Convenience Store Robbery”, in Security Journal. Vol. 7 (1), pp. 41-52, April 1996.

28.  Bell-Robotham, B., and Boydell, C.L. "Crime in Canada: A Distributional Analysis." in C. Boydell, C.F. Grindstaff, and P. Whitehead (eds), Deviant Behavior and Societal Reaction. Toronto: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1972.

29.  Bennett, Trevor. "Burglars' Choice of Targets." In D.J. Evans and D.T. Herbert (eds.) The Geography of Crime. London: Routledge. P. 176-192. 1990.

30.  Bennett, T. Evaluating Neighbourhood Watch. Aldershot, Hants: Gower. 1990.

31.  Bennett, Tevor and Richard Wright. Burglars on Burglary: Prevention and the Offender. Brookfield, VT: Gower. 1984.

32.  Bernard-Butcher, Diane. Crime in the Third Dimension. A Study of Burglary Patterns in a High Density Residential Area. Unpublished MA Thesis, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia. 1991.

33.  Berry, D., M. Mullen, and T. Murray. “Administering a Healthy Dose of Security”, in Security Management. Vol. 42 (6), pp. 46-48, June 1998.

34.  Bevis, C., and J.B. Nutter. Changing Street Layouts to Reduce Residential Burglary. St. Paul, Minn: Governor's Commission of Crime Prevention and Control. 1977.

35.  Biron, L. and C. Ladouceur. "The Boy Next Door: Local Teen-age Burglars in Montreal." Security Journal. 2:200-204. 1991.

36.  Bischof, G., and K. Rosen. “An Ecological Perspective on Adolescent Sexual Offending”, in Journal of Offender Rehabilitation. Vol. 26 (1-2), pp. 67-68, 1997.

37.  Blakely, E., and M. Gail. “Forting Up: Gated Communities in the United States”, in Journal of Architectural and Planning Research. Vol. 15 (1), pp. 61-72, Spring 1998.

38.  Blanchard, Janelle. "Proposal for a Model Residential Building Security Code," in U. S. Department of Justice, Deterrence of Crime in and around Residences. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1973.

39.  Blalock, Hubert. "Hot Spots and Isocrimes in Law Enforcement Decision Making." Paper presented at conference on Police and Community Responses to Drugs. Chicago: University of Illinois at Chicago. 1990.

40.  Block, Carolyn Rebecca and Richard L. Block. Patterns of Change in Chicago Homicide: The Twenties, the Sixties, and the Seventies. Chicago: Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority. 1980.

41.  Block, Richard. "Community, Environment and Violent Crime", in Criminology, Vol. 17(1). May, 1979.

42.  Block, C. R., R. Block, M. Wilson and M. Daly. "Chicago Homicide from the Sixties to the Nineties: Have Patterns of Lethal Violence Changed?" Paper presented at the 42nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Baltimore, Maryland. 1990.

43.  Boggs, Sarah. "Urban Crime Patterns", in American Sociological Review, Vol. 30. 1966.

44.  Boggs, Sarah. "Formal and Informal Crime Control: An Explanatory Study of Urban, Suburban and Rural Orientations", in the Sociological Quarterly, Vol. 12. 1971.

45.  Booth, Alan. "The Built Environment as a Crime Deterrent: A Reexamination of Defensible Space", in Criminology, Vol. 18(4). February, 1981.

46.  Booth, Alan, S. Welch, and D.R. Johnson. "Crowding and Urban Crime Rates", in Urban Affairs Quarterly, Vol. 11. 1976.

47.  Bottoms, A.E., and Polii Xanthos. "Housing Policy and Crime in the British Public Sector", in P.J. Brantingham and P.L. Brantingham (eds.)., Environmental Criminology. Prospect Heights, Ill: Waveland. pp. 203-26. 1991.

48.  Bottoms, A.E. "Delinquency Among Immigrants", in Race, Vol. 8. 1967.

49.  Bottoms, A.E. "Review of Defensible Space by Oscar Newman", in British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 14. 1974.

50.  Braga, A. “Solving Violent Crime Problems: An Evaluation of the Jersey City Police Department’s Pilot  Program to Control Violent Places”, in Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol. 58 (4), pp. 1452-A, Oct. 1997.

51.  Brantingham, Patricia, and Paul Brantingham. "The Spatial Patterning of Burglary", in the Howard Journal of Penology and Crime Prevention, Vol. 14. 1975.

52.  Brantingham, Patricia, and Paul Brantingham. "Residential Burglary and Urban Form", in Urban Studies, Vol. 12. 1975.

53.  Brantingham, Patricia, and Paul Brantingham. "Housing Patterns and Burglary in a Medium-Sized American City." in J. Scott and S. Dinitz (eds), Criminal Justice Planning. New York: Praeger, 1977.

54.  Brantingham, Patricia, and Paul Brantingham. "A Theoretical Model and Crime Site Selection," in M.D. Krohn and R.L. Akers (eds), Crime, Law and Sanctions, Vol. 118. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1978.

55.  Brantingham, Patricia, and Paul Brantingham. "Crime, Occupation, and Economic Specialization: A Consideration of Inter-Metropolitan Patterns," in D. Georges-Abeyie and K. Harries (eds), Crime: A Spatial Perspective. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980.

56.  Brantingham, Patricia, and Paul Brantingham. "Mobility, Notoriety and Crime: A Study in the Crime Patterns of Urban Nodal Points," Journal of Environmental Systems. 1189-99. 1981.

57.  Brantingham, Patricia, and Paul Brantingham. "Situational Crime Prevention in British Columbia." Journal of Security Administration. Vol. 11(2):18-27. 1988.

58.  Brantingham, Patricia, and Paul Brantingham. "Nodes, Paths and Edges: Considerations on the Complexity of Crime and the Physical Environment." Journal of Environmental Psychology. Vol. 13:3-28. 1993.

59.  Brantingham, P.J., D.A. Dryreson, and P.L. Brantingham. "Crime Seen Through a Cone of Resolution," in American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 20. 1976.

60.  Brantingham, P.J., Brantingham, P.L. and Butcher, Diane. "Perceived and Actual Crime Risks", Pp. 139-159 in R. M. Figlio, S. Haklim and G. F. Rengert (eds.) Metropolitan Crime Patterns. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press. 1986.

61.  Brantingham, P.J. Brantingham, P.L. and Wong, Paul. "Malls and Crime: A First Look", Security Journal. Vol. 1:175-181. 1990.

62.  Brantingham, P.J. Brantingham, P.L. and Wong, Paul. "How Public Transit Feeds Private Crime: Notes on the Vancouver Skytrain Experience." Security Journal. 2:91-95. 1991.

63.  Brantingham, Paul, and C. Ray Jeffery. "Afterword: Crime, Space, and Criminological Theory", in Paul and Patricia Brantingham, Environmental Criminology. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1981.

64.  Brantingham, P.J., and P.L. Brantingham. “Environmental Criminology: From Theory to Urban Planning Practice”, in Studies on Crime and Crime Prevention. Vol. 7 (1), pp. 31-60, 1998.

65.  Brown, B.B., and I. Altman. "Territoriality, Defensible Space and Residential Burglary: An Environmental Analysis." Journal of Environmental Psychology. 3:203-20. 1981.

66.  Burrows, J., and R. Fleming. "The Case for Lighting as a Means of Preventing Crime", Home Office Research Bulletin. No. 22.  London. 1986.

67.  Burrows, J. "Closed Circuit Television and Crime on the London Underground." In. R.V.G. Clarke and P. Mayhew (eds.). Designing Out Crime. London:HMSO. 1980.

68.  Bursik, R.J., Jr. "Ecological Stability and the Dynamics of Delinquency." In Albert J. Reiss, Jr. and Michael Tonry (eds.), Communities and Crime. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 35-66. 1984.

69.  Bursik, R.J., Jr. "Urban Dynamics and Ecological Studies of Delinquency." American Journal of Sociology. 88:24-42. 1982.

70.  Bursik, R. “The Informal Control of Crime Through Neighborhood Networks”, in Sociological Focus. Vol. 32 (1), pp. 85-97, Feb. 1999.

71.  Bynum, Timothy, and Dan Purri. "Crime and Architectural Style", in Criminal Justice and Behavior. Michigan State University: Vol. 12, No. 2. June, 1984.

72.  Byrne, J., and R. Sampson. (eds.). The Social Ecology of Crime. New York: Springer-Verlag. 1986.

73.  Calhoun, J.B. "Population Density and Social Pathology", in Scientific American, Vol. 206. 1962.

74. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. 1981. Residential Site Development Advisory Document. Ottawa: CMHC.

75.  Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. Overview of CMHC Activities Related to Urban Safety and Crime Prevention. Ottawa, CMHC. Prepared for the European and North American Conference on Urban Safety and Crime Prevention. October, 1989.

76.  Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. A Synthesis of International Literature on Urban Safety and Crime Prevention in Residential Environments: interim report and bibliography. Ottawa, CMHC. 1989.

77.  Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design in Multiple Family Housing, Richmond, B.C. Ottawa: CMHC. 1984.

78.  Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. The Theory and Practice of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: A Literature Review. Ottawa: CMHC. 1996

79.  Capone, Donald, and Woodrow W. Nichols, Jr. "Urban Structure and Criminal Mobility", in American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 20. 1976.

80.  Carr, P. “Keeping Up Appearances: Informal Social Control in a White Working Class Neighborhood in Chicago”, in Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol. 59 (5), pp.1781-A, Nov. 1998.

81.  Carroll, J. S. " A Psychological Approach to Deterrence: The evaluation of crime opportunities". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 36(12):1512-20. 1978.

82.  Carroll, L., and P.I. Jackson. "Inequality, Opportunity, and Crime Rates in Central Cities", in Criminology, Vol. 21:178-94. 1983.

83.  Carter, R.L., and K.Q. Hill. "Criminals Image of the City and Urban Crime Patterns", in Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 57. 1976.

84.  Carter, S. P. & Carter, S. L. « Planning Safer Schools.” American School & University, 73(12), 168. 2001.

85.  Carter, S. P. and  Carter, S. L. “Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design in Sarasota, Florida.” Planning Commissioners Journal. 16. Fall, 1994.

86.  Casteel, C., Peek-Asa, C. & Kraus, J. F. Evaluation of a Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) Intervention in Reducing Violence in Liquor Stores. American Journal of Epidemiology, 151(11), S83. 2000.

87.  Catton, W. R. "Human Ecology - A Theoretical Essay, by A. H. Hawley", a review in Deviant Behavior, Vol. 9(4). 1988.

88.  Chaiken, J., M. Lawless and K. Stephenson. The Impact of Police Activity on Crime: Robberies on the New York City Subway system. Report No. R-1424-N.Y.C. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation.

89.  Challinger, D. “Will Crime Prevention Ever Be a Business Priority?”, in M. Felson and R.V. Clarke (eds.), From Business and Crime Prevention, pp. 35-55, 1997.

90.  Chalmers, Joseph, and Paul McCauley. "Urban Crime Rate Density Analysis for Productive Resourse Response", in Journal of Police Science and Administration, Vol. 9. 1981.

91.  Charland, Janine. Women's Personal Security, Fear of Crime, and the Urban Environment. Master's Major Paper, Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University, Toronto, Canada. 1988.

92.  Chester, C.R. "Perceived Relative Deprivation as a Cause of Property Crime," in Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 22. 1976.

93.  Cisneros, Henry G. Defensible Space: Deterring Crime and Building Community. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Housing. 1995.

94.  Clarke, R.V.G. "Situational Crime Prevention: Theory and Practice", in British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 20. 1980.

95.  Clarke, R.V.G. Tackling Vandalism. Home Office Research Study No.47. London: Her Majesty's Stationary Office. 1980.

96.  Clarke, R.V.G. "Theoretical background to crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and situational prevention." In S. Geason and P. Wilson (eds.), Designing Out Crime: The Conference Papers. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology. 1989.

97.  Clarke, R.V.G. (ed.). Situational Crime Prevention: Successful Case Studies. New York: Harrow and Heston. 1992.

98.  Clarke, R.V.G. “Displacement: An Old Problem in New Perspective. In Gregory Saville (ed.). Crime Problems, Community Solutions: Environmental Criminology as a Developing Prevention Strategy. Port Moody, British Columbia: AAG Publications. 1995.

99.  Clarke, R.V.G., and Cornish, D. "Modelling Offenders Decisions: A framework for research and policy". Pp. 147-85 in M. Tonry and N. Morris (eds.), Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, Volume 6. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1985.

100.                 Clarke, R.V.G., and T. Hope. Coping With Burglary. Boston: Kluwger-Nijnoff. 1984.

101.                 Clarke, R.V.G., and Mayhew, P. (eds.). Designing Out Crime. London: Her Majesty's Stationary Office. 1980.

102.                 Clarke, R. V., and Mayhew, P. "Crime as Opportunity - A Note on Domestic Gas Suicide in Britain and the Netherlands", in The British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 29(1). Winter, 1989.

103.                 Clarke, R.V.G., S. Field, and G. McGrath. "Target hardening of banks in Australia and displacement of robberies." Security Journal. 2:84-90. 1991.

104.                 Clarke, R.V. (ed.). Situational Crime Prevention: Successful Case Studies. Albany, NY: Harrow and Heston. 1991.

105.                 Clarke, R. V., Cody, R. P. & Natarajan, M. Subway slugs: tracking displacement on the London Underground.  British Journal of Criminology, 34(2), 122(16). 1994.

106.                 Clark, D. Healthy Cities: model for community improvement. Public Management, 80(11), 4(5). 1998.

107.                 Clontz, K. “Residential and Commercial Burglaries: An Empirical Test of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design”, in Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol. 56 (4), pp. 1536-A, Oct. 1995.

108.                 Cloward, R.A., and L.E. Ohlin. Delinquency and Opportunity. New York: Free Press, 1961. (HV 9069.C52)

109.                 Coburn, G. Patterns of Homicide in Vancouver, 1980-1986. Unpublished MA Thesis, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia. 1988.

110.                 Coelho, Edmundo Campos. "Violent Urban Crime", in Dados: Revista de Ciencias Sociais, Vol. 31(2). 1988.

111.                 Cohen, L. and D. Cantor. "Residential Burglary in the United States: Lifestyle and Demographic Factors Associated with the Probability of Victimization", in Journal of Residential Crime and Delinquency. Vol. 18:113-27. 1981.

112.                 Cohen, L.E., and M. Felson. "Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach, in American Sociological Review. Vol. 44:588-608. 1979.

113.                 Cohen, L.E., and M. Felson. "Modelling Crime Trends: A Criminal Opportunity Perspective", in Journal of Residential Crime and Delinquency. Vol. 18:138-64. 1981.

Colquhoun, Ian. Design Out Crime: Creating Safe and Sustainable Communities. Oxford, England: Elsevier Architectural Press, 2004.

114.                 Coleman, Alice. Utopia on Trial. London: Shipman, 1985. (HD 7333.C634)

115.                 Coleman, Alice. "Design Improvement: Utopia Goes on Trial". Town and Country Planning. 55(5):138. 1986.

116.                 Cooper, Marcus, and Wendy Sarkissian. Housing as if People Mattered: Guidelines for Medium Density Housing. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1986.

117.                 Conklin, J.E., and E. Bittner. "Burglary in a Suburb", in Criminology, Vol. 11, 1973.

118.                 Cornish, Derek B., and Clarke, R.V.G. The Reasoning Criminal: Rational Choice Perspectives on Offending. New York: Springer-Verlag. 1986,

119.                 Cornish, Derek B., and Clarke, R.V.G. "Understanding Crime Displacement: An Application of Rational Choice Theory." Criminology. 25:933-947. 1987.

120.                 Cornish, D. B. and Clarke, R.V. "Situational Prevention, Displacement of Crime and Rational Choice Theory." In K. Heal and G. Laycock (Eds.), Situational Crime Prevention: From Theory into Practice. London: HMSO. 1986.

121.                 Cornish, D.B. and Clarke, R.V. "Crime Specialization, Crime Displacement and Rational Choice Theory. Criminal Behavior and the Justice System: Psychological Perspectives. In H. Wegener, F. Losel and J. Haisch, (eds.). Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

122.                 Corrado, R., W. Roesch, W. Glackman, J. Evans, and G. Leger. "Lifestyle and Personal Victimization: A Test of the Model with Canadian Data", in Journal of Criminal Justice. Vol. 3:129-139. 1980.

123.                 Corsi, T.M., and M.E. Harvey. "The Socio-economic Determinants of Crime in the City of Cleveland", Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Vol. 66. 1975.

124.                 Costanzo, C.M., Halperin, W. and Gale, N. "Criminal Mobility and the Directional Component in Journeys to Crime. In R. Figlio, S. Hakim and G. Rengert. Eds., Metropolitan Crime Patterns. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press, pp. 73-96.

125.                 Cousins, L. “ Ethnographic Windows on Urban Disorders”, in Journal of Contemporary Ethnography. Vol. 27 (2), pp. 278-284, July 1998.

126.                 Covington, J. and Taylor, R. "Gentrification and Crime: Robbery and Larceny Changes in Appreciating Balitimore Neighborhood." Urban Affairs Quarterly. Vol. 25:142-172. 1989.

127. Cozens, P.M., Hillier D, Prescott G. “A tale of Two Cities?” Town and Country Planning. 69(3):92 - 94. 2000.

128. Cozens, P.M., Hillier D, and Prescott, G. “Crime and Design of Residential Property. Exploring the Perceptions of Planning Professionals, Burglars and other Users.” Property Management. 19(4):222-248. 2001.

129. Cozens, P.M., Hillier D, and Prescott G. “Defensible Space: Police and Burglars Evaluate Urban Residential Design.” Security Journal. 14(2):43-62. 2001.

130.                 Cozens, P.M. “Plan for Safe Stations”. Property Management 19(4):218-221. 2001.

131. Cozens, P.M., Hillier D., and Prescott G. “Crime & the Design of New Build Housing”, Town & Country Planning  63(7):231 -233. July, 1999.

132. Cozens, P.M., Hillier, D. and Prescott, G. “The Sustainable & the Criminal. The Case of New Build Housing Projects in Britain”, Property Management. 17(3):252 -261. 1999.

133. Craglia, M., Haining, R., Signoretta, P. Modeling High-intensity Crime Areas in English Cities. Urban Studies, 38(11):1921. 2001.

134.                 Crawford, A. “Social Values and Managerial Goals: Police and Probation Officers’ Experiences and Views of Inter-Agency Co-Operation”, in Policing and Society. Vol. 4 (4), pp. 323-339, 1994.

135.                 Crittenden, I. "Break and Enter Offender in South Australia", in S.K. Mukherjee and L. Jorgensen (eds.). Burglary: A Social Reality - Proceedings of Seminar on Burglary. Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra. 1986.

136.                 Cromwell, Paul. "Ecological Analysis of Convenience Store Robbery", Paper read at The 39th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Montreal, 1987,

137.                 Cromwell, Paul. "The Decision-Making Process of Residential Burglars." Paper read at The 40th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Chicago. 1988.

138.                 Cromwell, Paul, Olson, James N., and Avary, D'Aunn. Residential Burglary: An Ethnographic Analysis. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice. 1990.

139.                 Cromwell, Paul, Olson, James N., and Avary, Wester. Breaking and Entering: An Ethnographic Analysis of Burglary. Newbury Park: Sage. 1991.

140.                 Crowe, Timothy D. "Designing Safer Schools," School Safety Fall, 1990. pp. 9-13.

141.                 Crowe, Timothy D. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: Applications of architectural design and space management concepts. Boston: Butterworths/Heinman. 1991.

142.                 Crutchfield, Robert, Michael Geerken, and Walter Gove. "Crime Rate and Social Integration: The Impact of Metropolitan Mobility", in Criminology-An Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 20 (3-4). November, 1982.

143.                 Dalgard, O.S., and Einar Kringlen. "A Norwegian Twin Study of Criminality" in British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 16(3). July 1976.

144.                 Davidson, R.N. "Crime and the Urban Environment", a paper presented to Section "E" of the British Association of Geographers. Lancaster: 1976.

145.                 Davidson, R.N. "Spatial Bias in Court Sentencing", a paper presented to Urban Studies Group, Institute of British Geographers. Leichester: 1977.

146.                 Davidson, R.N. "Environment and Ideology: Alternative Perspectives on Urban Crime Rates", in P. Porer (ed), Futures in Human Geography.  Christchurch, New Zealand: New Zealand Geographical Society, 1980.

147.                 Davidson, R.N. "Patterns of Residential Burglary in Christchurch", in New Zealand Geographer, Vol. 36. 1980.

148.                 Davidson, R.N. Crime and Environment. London: Croom Helm, 1981. (HV 6150.D37)

149.                 Davidson, R.N., and M.K. Francis. "Kingston-Upon-Hull and Haltemprice: Social Area Analysis", Part 11 Commentary, University of Hull, Department of Geography, Miscellaneous Series No. 15, 1973. (HN 398.G8W55 V.1)

150.                 Decker, D., D. Shichor, and R. O'Brien. Urban Structure and Victimization. Lexington, Mass: Heath.

151.                 DeFronzo, James. "Climate and Crime: Tests of an FBI Assumption", in Environment and Behavior, Vol. 16(2). March, 1984.

152.                 Del Carmen, A. “An Analysis of the Theoretical, Empirical, and Policy Development of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design in the United States during the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries Employing the Conceptual Orientation of Interactive Systems” in Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol. 58 (3), pp. 1101-A, Sept. 1997.

153.                 DeLeon-Granados, W. “ Travels Through Crime and Place: On the Trail of Community-Building as Crime Control”, in Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol. 58 (10), pp. 4075-A,  April 1998.

154.                 DesChamps, S., Brantingham, P.L. and Brantingham, P.J. "The British Columbia Transit Fare Evasion Audit: A Description of a Situational Prevention Process." Security Journal. 2:211-218. 1991.

155.                 Doerner, W.G. "A Regional Analysis of Homicide Rates in the United States", in Criminology, Vol. 13, 1975.

156.                 Donnelly, Patrick G. "Individual and Neighborhood Influences on Fear of Crime" in Sociological Focus, Vol. 22(1). February, 1989.

157.                 Donnelly, P. and C. Kimble. “Community Organizing Against Urban Crime: An assessment of the Relationship between Defensible Space, Community Ties and Crime”, in Society for the Study of Social Problems. 1995.

158.                 Donnelly, P., and C. Kimble. “Community Organizing, Environmental Change, and Neighborhood Crime”, in Crime and Delinquency. Vol. 43 (4), pp. 493-511, Oct. 1997.

159.                 Ditton, J. et al. Street Lighting and Crime: the Strathclyde Twin Site Study. Glasgow, Scotland: Criminology Research Unit, Glasgow University. 1992.

160.                 Duffala, Dennis. "Convenience Stores, Armed Robbery, and Physical Environmental Features", in American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 21:495-97. 1976.

161.                 Dunn, C.S. "The Analysis of Environmental Attribute/Crime Incident Characteristic Interrelationships", Ph.D. dissertation, State University of New York, Albany, 1974.

162.                 Dunn, C.S. "The Pattern and Distribution of Assault Incident Characteristics Among Social Areas", Utilization of Criminal Statistics Project, Analytic Report No. 14, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976.

163.                 Dunn, C.S. "Patterns of Robbery Characteristics and their Occurrence Among Social Areas", Utilization of Criminal Statistics Project, Analytic Report No. 15, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976.

164.                 Dyreson, Del. "Robbers, Cops, and Automata: Modelling Spatial Avoidance Behavior", unpublished paper read at the Annual Meeting, Rocky Mountain Social Science Association, Salt Lake City, Utah. April, 1972.

165.                 Eberts, Paul, and Kent P. Schwirian. "Metropolitan Crime Rates and Relative Deprivation", in Criminologica. Vol 5. 1968.

166.                 Eck, J., and D. Weisburd., (eds.). Crime and Place. From the Police Executive Research Forum. Criminal Justice Press: Monsey, NY, 1995.

167.                 Edwards, A. "Sex and Area Variations in Delinquency Rates in an English City", in British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 13. 1973.

168.                 Edwards, A. The Prevention of Shop Theft: An Approach Through Crime Analysis. Crime Prevention Unit. Paper 5. London: Home Office Research and Planning Unit. 1986.

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523.  Saville, Gregory. Situational crime prevention as responsible urban design. Plan Canada. 36(2). Ottawa: Canadian Institute of Planners. 1996. pp. 27-28.

524.                 Saville, Gregory. Crime Problems, Community Solutions: Environmental Criminology as a Developing Prevention Strategy. Port Moody, B.C.: AAG  Publications. 1995.

525.                 Saville, Gregory and Paul Wong. “Exceeding the Crime Threshold: The Carrying Capacity of Neighbourhoods”. Paper presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Miami, Florida. 1994.

526.                 Saville, Gregory and Wong, Paul. "Cultivating New Urban Forms: Introducing Situational Prevention Measures into the Planning Process of Multinucleated Centres." Paper presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology. San Francisco, 1991.

527.                 Saville, Gregory. "Transdisciplinarity, Environmental Criminology, and the Toronto Subway Security Audit," Security Journal. Vol. 2(4):291-296. 1991.

528.                 Saville, Gregory. "Planning and Environmental Criminology: Development of a Hybrid," Ontario Planning Journal. Vol. 3(2):5-6. 1988.

529.                 Saville, G. and R. Murdie. 1988. “The Spatial Analysis of Motor Vehicle Theft: A Case Study in Peel Region.” Journal of Police Science and Administration. Vol. 16(2):125-34.

530.                 Scarr, H.A. Patterns of Burglary. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973.

531.                 Schaffer, E.B. Community Policing. London: Croom Helm, 1980.

532.                 Schack, Stephen, et al. Improving Patrol Productivity, Vol 11. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, 1973.

533.                 Schichor, D., D. Decker, and R. O'Brian. "The Relationship of Criminal Victimization, Police per Capita and Population Density in Twenty-Six Cities." Journal of Criminal Justice. 8:308-16. 1979.

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534.                 Schmid, C.F. "Urban Crime Areas, Parts 1 and 2", in American Sociological Review, Vol. 25. 1960.

535.                 Schmitt, R.C. "Density, Delinquency and Crime in Honolulu", in Sociology and Social Research, Vol. 41. 1957.

536.                 Schmitt, R.C. "Implications of Density in Hong Kong", Journal of the American Institute of Planners, Vol. 10. 1963.

537.                 Schneider, Steve and Patti Pearcey. The Theory and Practice of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: A Literature Review. Ottawa: CMHC. 1996.

538.                 Schuessler, K. "Components of Variation in U.S. City Crime Rates", in Social Problems, Vol. 9. 1962.

539.                 Schulz, D. “Strategies for Combining Community Crime Prevention with Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: The Transit Experience”, in Security Journal. Vol. 7 (4), pp. 253-257, Dec. 1996.

540.                 Schmid, F. "Urban Crime Areas", in American Sociological Review, Part 1, Vol. 25(4). 1960.

541.                 Scott, P. "The Spatial Analysis of Crime and Delinquency", in the Australian Geographical Studies, Vol. 10. 1972.

542.                 Scrimger, K. (Project Director). Resource Manual on Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, from U.S. Department of Justice, NIJ. 1997.

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Selected Topics in Environmental Criminology

Displacement effects

Allatt, P. "Residential security: Containment and displacement of burglary." Howard Journal of Criminal Justice. 23:99-116. 1984.

Barr, R. and K. Pease. "Crime Placement, Displacement and Deflection." In M. Tonry and N. Morris (eds.) Crime and Justice: A Review of Research. Vol. 12. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1990.

Clarke, R.V.G., S. Field, and G. McGrath. "Target hardening of banks in Australia and displacement of robberies." Security Journal. 2:84-90. 1991.

Cornish, Derek and R. V. Clarke. "Understanding Crime Displacement: An Application of Rational Choice Theory." Criminology. 25:933-947. 1987.

Cornish, D.B. and Clarke, R.V. "Crime Specialization, Crime Displacement and Rational Choice Theory. Criminal Behavior and the Justice System: Psychological Perspectives. In H. Wegener, F. Losel and J. Haisch, (eds.). Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

Gabor, T. "Crime Displacement and Situational Prevention: Toward the Development of Some Principles." Canadian Journal of Criminology. 32:41-74. 1990.

Mayhew, P., R. V. Clarke, and D. Elliot. "Motorcycle Theft, Helmet Legislation, and Displacement." Howard Journal of Criminal Justice. 28:1-8. 1989.

Repetto, T. "Crime Prevention and the Displacement Phenomenon", in Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 22:166-77. 1976.


Housing

Allatt, P. "Residential security: Containment and displacement of burglary." Howard Journal of Criminal Justice. 23:99-116. 1984.

Baldwin, J. "Problem Housing Estates - Perceptions of Tenants, City Officials, and Criminologists", in Social and Economic Administration, Vol. 8. 1974.

Baldwin, J. "Urban Criminality and the Problem Estate", in Local Government Studies, Vol. 1. 1975.

Becker, F.D. "The Effect of Physical and Social Factors on Residents' Sense of Security in Multi-Family Housing Developments", in Journal of Architectural Research, Vol. 4(1). February, 1975.

Bennett, Tevor and Richard Wright. Burglars on Burglary: Prevention and the Offender. Brookfield, VT: Gower. 1984.

Blanchard, Janelle. "Proposal for a Model Residential Building Security Code," in U. S. Department of Justice, Deterrence of Crime in and around Residences. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1973.

Bottoms, A.E., and Polii Xanthos. "Housing Policy and Crime in the British Public Sector", in P.J. Brantingham and P.L. Brantingham (eds.)., Environmental Criminology. Prospect Heights, Ill: Waveland. pp. 203-26.

Brantingham, Patricia and Brantingham, Paul. "Housing Patterns and Burglary in a Medium-Sized American City." in J. Scott and S. Dinitz (eds), Criminal Justice Planning. New York: Praeger, 1977.

Conklin, J.E., and E. Bittner. "Burglary in a Suburb", in Criminology, Vol. 11, 1973.

Cohen, L. and D. Cantor. "Residential Burglary in the United States: Lifestyle and Demographic Factors Associated with the Probability of Victimization", in Journal of Residential Crime and Delinquency. Vol. 18:113-27. 1981.

Cromwell, Paul, Olson, James N., and Avary, Wester. Breaking and Entering: An Ethnographic Analysis of Burglary. Newbury Park: Sage. 1991.

Forrester, D., Chatterton, M. and Pease, K. The Kirkholt Burglary Project, Rochdale. Home Office Crime Prevention Unit, Paper 13. London: HMSO, Home Office. 1988.

Kohn, I.R., K. Frank and A.S. Fox. "Defensible Space Modifications in Row House Communities", Report to the National Science Foundation Institute for Community Design Analysis. New York: 1975.

Logan, John, and Steven Messner. "Racial Residential Segregation and Suburban Violent Crime", Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 68, No. 3, September, 1987.

Molumby, T. "Patterns of Crime in a University Housing Project", American Behavioural Scientist, Vol. 69:411-17. 1976.

Murie, A. “Linking Housing Changes to Crime”, in Social Policy and Administration. Vol. 31 (5), pp. 22-36, Dec. 1997.

Normoyle, Janice Bastlin, and Jeanne M. Foley. "The Defensible Space Model of Fear and Elderly Public Housing Residents", Environment and Behavior, Vol. 20(1):50-74. 1988.

Pease. K. "The Kirkholt Project: Preventing Burglary on a British Public Housing Estate." Security Journal. Vol. d2:73-77.1991.

Peiser, R. “Real Estate Development and Crime Prevention Needs”, from M. Felson and R.V. Clarke (eds.). Business and Crime Prevention, pp. 231-248. Criminal Justice Press: Monsey, NY. 1997.

Phelan, G.F. "Testing 'Academic' Notions of Architectural Design for Burglary Prevention: How Burglars Perveive Cues of Vulnerability in Suburban Housing Complexes," a paper read at American Society of Criminology annual meeting, Atlanta, 1977.

Prak, Neils, and Hugo Priemus, (eds). Post-War Housing in Trouble. Deft, Netherlands: Deft University Press, 1984.

Rengert, G., and J. Wasilchick. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place For Everything. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Books, 1986. (HV 6658.R46)

Roncek, D.W. "Dangerous Places: Crime and Residential Environment", in Social Forces, Vol. 60(1):74-96. 1981.

Stahura, J., C. Hutt, and B. Smith. "Crime in the Suburbs", in Urban Affairs Quarterly, Vol. 15. March, 1980.

Wilson, R. Difficult Housing Estates. London: Tavistock, 1963. (HN 398.B73.W5)

Wilson, S. "Vandalism and Defensible Space on London Housing Estates", in Clarke and Mayhew, Designing Out Crime. London: Home Office, 1980.


Lighting

Atkins, S., S. Husain, and A. Storey. The Influence of Street Lighting on Crime and Fear of Crime. Crime Prevention Unit Paper 28. London: Home Office. 1991.

Burrows, J., and R. Fleming. "The Case for Lighting as a Means of Preventing Crime", Home Office Research Bulletin. No. 22.  London. 1986.

Painter, K. Lighting and Crime Prevention. The Edmonton Project. London: Centre for Criminology, Middlesex Polytechnic. 1988.

Ramsay, M. and R. Newton. The Effect of Better Street Lighting on Crime and Fear: A Review. Crime Prevention Unit Paper 29. London: Home Office. 1991.

Stevens, Owen. "Lighting Design: A Primary Consideration in Crime Prevention and Detection", in Canadian Security. May/June, 1987. pp. 22-24.

Stevens, Owen. "Lighting Design II: How to Protect Against Vandals and Provide Safety for Guards", in Canadian Security. July/August, 1987. pp. 32-34.

Stevens, Owen. "Lighting Design III: Providing Security and Safety for Walkways and Parking Areas", in Canadian Security. September/October, 1987. pp. 18-21.

Stokols, D. “The Paradox of Environmental Psychology”, in American Psychologist. Vol. 50 (10), pp. 821-837, Oct. 1995.

Tien, J.M., U.F. O'Donnell, A. Barnett, and P.B. Mirchandani. Street Lighting Projects. National Evaluation Program Phase 1 Report. National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, U.S. Department of Justice. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1979.

Wright, R., M. Heilweil, P. Pelletier and K. Dickinson. The  Impact of Street Lighting on Street Crime. Ann Abor:, MI: University of Michigan. 1974.


Parking facilities

Atkins, S., S. Husain, and A. Storey. The Influence of Street Lighting on Crime and Fear of Crime. Crime Prevention Unit Paper 28. London: Home Office. 1991.

Eck, John and William Spelman. "Theft from Vehicles in Shipyard Parking Lots". In R.V.G. Clarke (ed.), Situational Crime Prevention: Successful Case Studies, New York: Harrow and Heston. 1992. pp. 151-163.

Ley, D., and R. Cybriwsky. "The Spatial Ecology of Stripped Cars", in Environment and Behavior, Vol. 6. 1974.

Muir, G. "Car Theft Patterns in Burnaby, British Columbia: A Study in Target Accessibility and Crime," an unpublished seminar paper, Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University. 1978.

Poyner, Barry. "Situational crime prevention in two parking facilities." Security Journal. 2:96-101. 1991.

Smith, M. “Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design in Parking Facilities”, from U.S. Department of Justice, NIJ. 1996. www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/cptedpkg.pdf.

Stevens, Owen. "Lighting Design III: Providing Security and Safety for Walkways and Parking Areas", in Canadian Security. September/October, 1987. pp. 18-21.


Population density and crowding

Booth, Alan, S. Welch, and D.R. Johnson. "Crowding and Urban Crime Rates", in Urban Affairs Quarterly, Vol. 11. 1976.

Calhoun, J.B. "Population Density and Social Pathology", in Scientific American, Vol. 206. 1962.

Chalmers, Joseph, and Paul McCauley. "Urban Crime Rate Density Analysis for Productive Resourse Response", in Journal of Police Science and Administration, Vol. 9. 1981.

Fisher, C.S., M. Baldassare, and R.J. Ofshe. "Crowding Studies and Urban Life: A Critical Review", in Journal of the American Institute of Planners, Vol. 41. 1975. (BF 469.F58)

Freedman, J.L. "Population Density, Juvenile Delinquency and Mental Illness in New York City", in S.M. Mazie (ed), Commission on Population Growth and the American Future. Research report, Vol 5, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1972.

Freedman, J.L. Crowding and Behavior. San Francisco: Freeman, 1975. (BF 353.F7)

Galle, O.R., W. Gove, and J.M. McPherson. "Population Density and Pathology", in Science, Vol. 176. 07 April, 1972.

Gillis, A.R. "Population Density and Social Pathology: The Case of Building Type, Social Allowance and Juvenile Delinquency", Social Forces, Vol. 53:306-314. 1974.

Higgins, P.C., P.J. Richards, and J.H. Swan. "Crowding and Crime Rates: A Comment", in Urban Affairs Quarterly, Vol. 11. 1976.

Kvalseth, T.O. "A Note on the Effects of Population Density and Unemployment on Urban Crime," in Criminology, Vol. 15, 1977.

McCarthy, J.D., O.R. Galle, and W. Zimmerman. "Population Density, Social Structure, and Interpersonal Violence," in American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 18, 1975.

McCauley, Paul, and Joseph Chalmers. "Urban Crime Rate Density Analysis For Productive Resource Response", in Journal of Police Science and Administration, Vol. 9. 1981.

Roncek, D.W. "Density and Crime: A Methodological Critique", in American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 18. 1975.

Rossmo, K. D., and R. Routledge. "Estimating the Size of Criminal Populations", in Journal of Quantitative Criminology. Vol. 6(3):293-314. 1990.

Sacco, Vincent. "City Size and Perception of Crime", in Canadian Journal of Sociology, Vol. 10(3). 1985.

Shihadeh, E., and G. Ousey. “Metropolitan Expansion and Black Social Dislocation”, in Social Forces. Vol. 75 (2), pp. 649-666, Dec. 1996.


Public transit

Brantingham, P.J., P.L. Brantingham and P. S. Wong. "How Public Transit Feeds Private Crime: Notes on the Vancouver Skytrain Experience." Security Journal. 2:91-95. 1991.

DesChamps, S., Brantingham, P.L. and Brantingham, P.J. "The British Columbia Transit Fare Evasion Audit: A Description of a Situational Prevention Process." Security Journal. 2:211-218. 1991.

Burrows, J. "Closed Circuit Television and Crime on the London Underground." In. R.V.G. Clarke and P. Mayhew (eds.). Designing Out Crime. London:HMSO.

Felson, Marcus et al. "Preventing Crime at Newark Subway Stations." Security Journal. 1(3):137-142. 1990.

Gaylord, M.S. and J.F. Galliher. "Riding the underground dragon: Crime control and public order on Hong Kong's Mass Transit Railway." British Journal of Criminology. 31:15-26. 1991.

Hann, B., and B. Billingsley. Security in the Toronto Transit System. Toronto: The Research Group. 1981.

Kabundi, M., and A. Normandeau. "Crime in the Montreal Subway." International Criminology and Police Review. May-June, 1987. pp. 24-27.

La Vigne, N. “Safe Transport: Security by Design on the Washington Metro”, in R. V. Clarke’s (ed.) Preventing Mass Transit Crime, pp. 163-197, 1996.

La Vigne, N. “Visibility and Vigilance: Metro’s Situational Approach to Preventing Subway Crime”, from U.S. Department of Justice, NIJ. 1997. http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/166372.pdf.

Levine, N., and M. Wachs. "Factors Affecting the Incidence of Bus Crime in Los Angeles." Report No. CA-06-0195. Washington, DC: Office of Technical Assistance, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.

Myhre, M., and F. Rosso. “Designing for Security in Meteor: A Projected New Metro Line in Paris”, from R.V. Clarke (ed.). Preventing Mass Transit Crime, pp. 199-216, 1996.

Saville, Gregory. "Transdisciplinarity, Environmental Criminology, and the Toronto Subway Security Audit," Security Journal. Vol. 2(4):291-296. 1991.

Schulz, D. “Strategies for Combining Community Crime Prevention with Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: The Transit Experience”, in Security Journal. Vol. 7 (4), pp. 253-257, Dec. 1996.

Shellow, R., J.P. Romualdi, and E.W. Bartel. "Crime in Rapid Transit Systems: An Analysis and a Recommended Security and Surveillance System." Transportation Research Record, 487, 1-12. 1974.

Sloan-Howitt, M., and Kelling, G. "Subway Graffiti in New York City: Getting Up vs. Meaning It and Cleaning It." Security Journal. Vol. 1:131-136. 1990.

Stoks, F. G. Assessing Urban Public Space Environments for Danger of Violent Crime - Especially Rape. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Washington. 1982.

Sturman, A. "Damage on Busses: The Effects of Supervision", in R.V.G. Clarke and P. Mayhew (eds), Designing Out Crime. London: HMSO, 1980.

Wagner, A. “A Study of Traffic Pattern Modifications in an Urban Crime Prevention Program”, in Journal of Criminal Justice. Vol. 25 (1), pp. 19-30, 1997.


Schools and Colleges

Baldwin, J. "A Critique of Delinquent Schools in Tower Hamlets", in British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 12. 1972.

Crowe, Timothy D. "Designing Safer Schools," School Safety Fall, 1990. pp. 9-13.

Kenney, D. “Crime in the Schools: A Problem-Solving Approach”, from U.S. Department of Justice, NIJ. August 1998.

Lindstrom, P. “Patterns of School Crime: A Replication and Empirical Extension”, in British Journal of Criminology. Vol. 37 (1), pp. 121-130, winter 1997.

Molumby, T. "Patterns of Crime in a University Housing Project," in American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 20, 1976.

Pablant, P. and J.C. Baxter. "Environmental Correlates of School Vandalism" in Journal of the American Institute of Planners, Vol. 41. 1975.

Roncek, D.W., and Antoinette Lobosco. "The Effect of High Schools on Crime in Their Neighborhoods", in Social Sciences Quarterly, Vol 64(3). September, 1983.


Street layout

Baumer, T.L. and A. Hunter. Street Traffic, Social Integration, and Fear of Crime. Evanston, Ill: Northwestern University Center for Urban Affairs. 1978.

Beavon, Daniel J. Crime and Environmental Opportunity Structure: The Influence of Street Networks on the Patterning of Property Offences. Unpublished M.A. Thesis. Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia. 1984.

Bevis, C., and J.B. Nutter. Changing Street Layouts to Reduce Residential Burglary. St. Paul, Minn: Governor's Commission of Crime Prevention and Control. 1977.

Costanzo, C.M., Halperin, W. and Gale, N. "Criminal Mobility and the Directional Component in Journeys to Crime." In R. Figlio, S. Hakim and G. Rengert. Eds., Metropolitan Crime Patterns. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press, pp. 73-96.

Crutchfield, Robert, Michael Geerken, and Walter Gove. "Crime Rate and Social Integration: The Impact of Metropolitan Mobility", in Criminology-An Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 20 (3-4). November, 1982.

Greenberg, S., and W. Rohe. "Neighborhood Design and Crime: A Test of Two Perspectives." Journal of the American Planning Association. 49:48-61. 1984.

Poyner, Barry. "Crime Prevention and the Environment: Street Attacks in City Centres", in Police Research Bulletin, No. 37, Autumn, 1981.

Poyner, Barry. A Study of Street Attacks and Their Environmental Settings. London: The Tavistock Institute of Human Relations. 1980.

White, Garland F. "Neighborhood Permeability and Burglary Rates." Justice Quarterly. 7(1):57-67. 1990.

CPTED and urban planning

Casteel, C., Peek-Asa, C. & Kraus, J. F. (2000). Evaluation of a Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) Intervention in Reducing Violence in Liquor Stores. American Journal of Epidemiology, 151(11), S83.

Giacopassi, D. & Forde, D. (2000). Broken Windows, crumpled fenders, and crime. Journal of Criminal Justice, 25(5), 397(8).

Lehrer, E. (2000). Crime-fighting and urban renewal. The Public Interest, p. 91.

Clark, D. (1998). Healthy Cities: model for community improvement. Public Management, 80(11), 4(5).

School crime

Carter, S. P. & Carter, S. L. (2001). Planning Safer Schools. American School & University, 73(12), 168.

Moore, D. P. (1999). Designing Safer Schools. School Planning and Management, 38(8), 12(1).

Urban design

Donnelly, P. G. & Kimble, C. E. (1997). Community organizing, environmental changes, and neighborhood crime. Crime and Delinquency, 43(4), 494(19).

Green, D. P., Strolovitch, D. Z. & Wong, J. S. (1998). Defended Neighborhoods, Integration, and Racially Motivated Crime(1). The American Journal of Sociology, 104(2), 372(1).

Murphy, P. M. (2000). Grounds for Protection. Security Management, 44(10), 84.

Taylor, R. B. (1997). Social Order & Disorder of Street Blocks and Neighborhoods. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 34(1), 113(42).

Weatherburn, D., Bronwyn, L. & Ku, S. (1999). “Hotbeds of crime?”: crime and public housing in urban Sydney. Crime and Delinquency, 45(2), 256(1).

Jobes, P. C. (1999). Residential Stability and Crime in small rural agricultural and recreational towns. Sociological Perspectives, 42(3), 499.

Transportation and crime

Loukaitou-Sideris, A. (2000). Hot spots of bus stop crime. Journal of Planning Literature, 14(3), NA.

Wagner, A.(1997). Study of Traffic Patterns modified in an urban Community Policing Program. Journal of Criminal Justice, 25(1), 19(11).

Pryborowski, D. (2001). Program S.P.L.A.T.s Parking Lot Crime. College Planning  Management, 4(6), 20.

Neighborhood factors and crime prevention

Ludwig, J., Duncan, G. J., & Hirschfield, P. (2001). Urban Poverty and Juvenile Crime: Evidence from a Randomized Housing-Mobility Experiment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116 (2), 655.

Lusher, J. G. (1998). Security the natural way. Journal of Property Management, 63(6), NA.

Michael, S. E., Hull, B. & Zahm, D. L. (2001). Environmental Factors Influencing Auto Burglary: A Case Study. Environmental and Behavior, 33(3), 368-388.

Nason, R. (2000). Maintaining security in an insecure world. Architectural Record, 188(12), 156(6).

Painter, K. A. & Farrington, D. P. (2001).Evaluating Situational Crime Prevention using a young people’s survey. British Journal of Criminology, 41(2), 266.

Radzik, L. (2001). Collective Responsibility and Duties to Respond. Social Theory and Practice, 27(3), 455.

Richman, T. (1998). What does science say about crime prevention? Security Management, 42(11), 110.

Weisburd, D. (1997). Reorienting crime prevention research and policy: From the causes of criminality to the context of crime. National Institute of Justice Report. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice.


ICA Mission Statement

To create safer environments and improve the quality of life through the use of CPTED principles and strategies